Ted Alcala

GPS technology has advanced over recent years in that you can track the location of anything that moves, like vehicles, and increase their security by using GPS trackers. The market is flooded with many GPS tracking devices example, the magnetic GPS tracker. The trackers come in different shapes and sizes and have varying features to satisfy different needs. Some are easy to install, while others are complex and require a step by step guide to install. In this extract, we discuss what you should know about magnetic GPS trackers.

Everything You Need to Know About Magnetic GPS Trackers

· How Does a Magnetic GPS Tracker Work?

Magnetic GPS trackers are battery-powered tracking devices designed with magnets to hold on to a surface. In some cases, the tracker can be sold without the magnetic capability, but you buy a magnetic casing to help you attach it to the vehicle or any desired place. Such are ideal for tracking more than one vehicle as long as you don’t do it simultaneously.

The magnetic trackers will function perfectly from any spot as long as they can access the communication network without any interruptions. This allows for continuous transmission of GPS information to the owner about the vehicle’s speed, energy consumption as well as the driver’s behavior. Being battery-powered means, you can recharge the tracker with ease by simply disconnecting it from the car and attaching it back once fully charged.

· What are the Benefits of Using Magnetic GPS Trackers?

One of the most significant advantages is the unlimited placement options that come with the trackers, unlike hardwired GPS tracking devices. Tracking continues even when your asset is out of your reach in terms of location. No need to worry if your vehicle is stolen or is taken past the set boundaries because the tracker keeps receiving communication network, and knowing its exact location is easy.

Magnetic GPS trackers are compatible with any equipment as long as it’s attached to a metal surface. For some trackers, thick metal or magnetic surfaces may hinder signal transmission, cause inaccurate location reading, or stop the tracking device from giving the location completely. You can rely on the magnetic trackers entirely and be sure to get all recorded data or any information you need from it.

· Are Magnetic GPS Trackers Good for Tracking Assets

Many GPS trackers are available, but magnetic trackers are among the best trackers for your valuable items. It is convenient and can benefit very many applications and industries with their tracking solution. Companies or businesses with fleets of cars or any other equipment don’t have to worry about hiring professionals to do the installation. They can have their employees do it quickly and have the devices tracking within no time. Due to the rise in cases of asset theft, magnetic GPS installation is a quick and efficient way to curb the problem.

· How is the Magnetic GPS Tracker’s Battery Life?

The battery charge in these trackers can last for an extended period depending on the data transmission rate and type of tracker. No need to worry about frequent recharging, plus the batteries have a long duration.

Conclusion

Magnetic GPS trackers have great versatility and unlimited placement options. They have powerful features, are durable, and ideal for tracking all your assets. They are also easy to operate as long as the installation is done correctly.

Smartwatches are currently trending, mainly because they help track one’s health progress. Furthermore, they are also one of the best fitness trackers available in the market. But, tracking one’s health is not their only purpose. Some, such as those in the watch 3 store, have apps that can be used for different purposes. Furthermore, the smartwatch can support various apps. Thus, this post aims to update you on the best Huawei Watch 3 apps in the smartwatch.

The best Huawei Watch 3 apps in the smartwatch

1. Home Workout-No Equipment app

Fitness tracking is one of the functions of a smartwatch. Thus, the home workout app in the Huawei Watch 3 store is crucial in ensuring that it attains its purpose. The benefit of the app is that it offers workout tips and plans and several other workout benefits. Furthermore, the home workout app ensures that one can easily work out from the comfort of their homes without the necessity of equipment. Thus, it reduces the need to visit a gym. The home workout-no equipment app is positively rated in App Store & Google Play Store. Thus, it is an excellent app to download on the smartwatch.

2. Offline Map Navigation

The Huawei Watch 3 has accurate and responsive navigation and map apps on its smartwatch. The benefit of Offline Map Navigation is that one does not need to be online for the app to lead one to their destined location, such as hospitals, hotels, gyms, restaurants, and so many more. The app determines your present location, and then it directs you turn by turn to where you need to be. Furthermore, your smartwatch’s GPS and offline map function will act as your guide if you are in a new city. 

3. e-Sound music

The eSound Music app helps one to manage music payback easily. The app does not enable music streaming to the smartwatch. The music must be from the one e-Sound phone app is playing. 

4. Fitify Workouts

Fitify is available for Huawei watch 3. The benefit of the health app is that it acts as a guiding tool to; building muscles, burning fat and losing weight. The app can also help one to keep on being motivated to train and stay healthy. The app consists of more than 900 exercises. Among the exercises are coaching and personal tips. Furthermore, the app ensures that you can personalize the workouts according to your requirements. You can also download offline exercises and use the voice assistant to guide you as you work out. 

5. myTuner Radio

myTuner Radio is supported on the Huawei 3 app. It allows for one to have access to various radio stations from all over the world. The access is made via the phone app and playback control through the watch. 

6. HIIT & Tabata

The HIIT and Tabata app allows one to manage their workout periods by clicking on resume, next, pause, and play.

Conclusion

The latest smartwatch technologies ensure that they can support several apps. Therefore, the above apps are the top apps in the Huawei Watch 3. The different apps present can serve various purposes, from health monitoring to tracking one’s workout session. Thus, when downloading apps, ensure you get one that meets your requirements.

Getting individual players from the store can be difficult. The best way to get the players is when you buy FIFA 22 coins. As such it would be a good idea to get a quickly delivered, well-stocked, security guaranteed and an all-time customer service support. The only way to buy the in-game players is through the in-currency FIFA 22 coins.

How to buy FIFA 22 coins

FIFA 22 allows you to acquire more coins in various ways. First, you may get more coins through participating in match plays, building complete squads through squad building challenges which have FIFA 22 coins as part of the rewards. You may also trade your players at a fair price in the transfer market.

Most importantly, the best way that you can buy FIFA 22 coins is through using real money to acquire them. Whether you are using PS4, Xbox, PS5, Xbox series S, or your PC, getting cheap FIFA 22 will be easy. You should look at the level of customer satisfaction that you would be getting in the channel that you would choose.

Can you get banned for buying FIFA 22 coins?

Purchasing FIFA coins is usually a prohibited practice in FIFA terms and conditions. When you buy FIFA coins, you will be putting your account at risk of a possible permanent ban. According to their regulations, buying coins is an illegal practice.

The regulations not only prohibit the purchase of FIFA coins, but also do not allow the selling of FIFA coins. Nonetheless, they are sites that are allowed the privileges of making secure transfers of FIFA coins. Going to a credible and reliable FIFA coins seller is important to keep your account secure.

Do FIFA 21 coins transfer to FIFA 22 coins?

When thinking of transferring FIFA 21 to FIFA 22 coins, you should think about going for the best and most trustworthy supplier. A trustworthy FIFA 22 supplier promises a quick delivery, good benefits to the members, professionalism and generally great service to the FIFA player.

How to transfer coins from FIFA 21 to FIFA 22

You may consider transferring your accumulated FIFA 21 coins to FIFA 22 coins. The best way of transferring these coins is through a transfer that could be accessed way until the end of December. Transferring your coins will need you to first have the full game.

Once you have a full FIFA 22 game, you could make the transfer during the EA trial play. The EA trial play allows you to effect the transfer when you first log in to your account. Without a full game, you will not succeed in the transfer of the FIFA coins from FIFA 21 to FIFA 22.

It would be a great idea when you buy FIFA coins from a proper supplier to avoid the inconveniences that fraudulent suppliers may cause. Therefore, you need to be careful when selecting the best FIFA supplier to buy yourself FIFA coins. Though, if you understand the risk of taking a specific FIFA 22 supplier, you should make your decisions in the correct way.

Air purifiers are essential indoor gadgets, especially for allergic and asthmatic individuals. They clean up the air in a room by removing contaminants, thus improving its quality. They come in different varieties and are used in various applications, for example, the medical-grade air purifier used in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. Air purifiers are either large or small stand-alone units depending on their use and placement area. This article shows the different technologies used by air purifiers.

Technologies Employed by Air Purifiers

All kinds of air purifiers work differently to provide clean and good quality air. There are five technologies involved, and it’s important to know how each works to help you pick the best air purifier. They are;

1. HEPA Technology

High-Efficiency Particulate Air technology is one of the oldest ways used for air filtering. The HEPA filters trap almost every bacteria in the air that is 99.97 percent, to be exact. They filter any particle larger than 0.3 microns, meaning the naked eye cannot see some of them like viruses, bacteria, and chemicals. Molds are common in most houses, especially those with poor lighting and airflow, and the HEPA filters trap them to give a clean and conducive environment.

HEPA filters consist of fibers arranged randomly over a surface where the air goes through for cleansing. The fiber is made of fine material that stops big particles from going through while the tiny particles are trapped using impaction, interception, or diffusion processes. After two to four years, the filters need replacement, but it depends on the level of filtration and the indoor air situation. These air purifiers are safe as they don’t produce ozone; however, they contain levels of activated carbon material to absorb some chemicals and odors that the HEPA filters cant trap.

2. Ozone

Air purifiers applying this technology produce the Ozone gas in varying amounts depending on the brand. They don’t rid the air of dust and pollen particles; hence, their effectiveness is low compared to other technologies. Exposure to ozone gas is not recommended due to health-related issues such as asthma flare-ups.

3. Activated Carbon Technology

Activated carbon goes through processing to create a porous surface for particle absorption. The pores are highly absorbent and have a high chemical bonding ability, ideal for trapping pollutants like gases and chemicals. Activated carbon filters reduce the contamination levels by not releasing the particles back into the air once they are absorbed. On the flip side, their ability to remove allergen is low and only cleans the air around it.

4. UV Technology

The technology is used alongside a particulate filtration system to help trap airborne particles. UV air purifiers kill microorganisms by destroying genetic composition using the UV rays from the UV lamp. Despite the light, filters must be used as most viruses and bacteria are not filtered due to shading from particulates.

5. Negative Ion Technology

This technology works, but it’s less efficient than others. The negative ion air purifiers attract particles and drop them when they become heavy. Instead of eliminating them, they are attached to objects in the room like windows and doors and have a high chance of polluting the air once they become loose.

Conclusion

All the air purifying technologies work in different ways; however, some are better than others. The level of air cleaning is higher in some and has minimal adverse effects. You can choose the best air purifier based on the information given and what matches your needs.

A camera scanner is also known as an image scanner. Its main function is to visually scan handwritings, printed texts, objects and images and convert them into digital images. In this modern world, cameras scanners are essential in almost every industry. Furthermore, you can purchase them from a site like joyusing. But before you make any purchase, there are essential questions that you need to ask. Below are some of the essential questions to ask before purchasing a camera scanner.

7 essential questions to ask before purchasing a camera scanner

1. What is the clarity level of scanned documents?

Different camera scanners in the market have different clarity levels. Therefore, it is essential to inquire whether the camera scanner clarity level will match what you desire before making any purchase. Furthermore, the best camera scanners available in the market offer high clarity levels.

2. Is it time-consuming?

Saving time is crucial. Therefore, it is essential to note that various camera scanners in the market have different scanning speeds. Thus, before you make any purchase, it is essential to inquire about the scanning speed of the camera scanner. A key point to note is that the best camera scanners in existence usually operate at high speeds.

3. What is the quality level of scanned documents?

Poor quality scanned documents can be off-putting as they can lead to straining while viewing images. The best camera scanner will ensure that it produces quality scanned documents. Therefore, inquiring about the quality of scanned documents will help you purchase a high-performing camera scanner.

4. Does the camera scanner use the latest innovations?

Improved technologies are usually better performing than previous technologies. Therefore, a camera scanner that uses the latest technology is more efficient and may offer additional services. Therefore, inquiring about the latest technologies in the camera scanner will ensure that you get informed on the current specifications included. The new specifications added can help decide whether it is a worthwhile investment.

5. Shipping policy

If you purchase your camera scanner from an online store, it is essential to inquire about the shipping policy available. Different suppliers have different shipping policies. Also, on the subject of shipping policy, it is crucial to ask how much it will cost you and how much it will increase the overall price of the product.

6. What is the software used?

Before you make any purchase on any form of digital electronics, the type of software used is crucial to ask. Most people do not bother to inquire about the software used. The software used can help you determine the expected performance level. Also, the best camera scanner available uses the latest and new software.

7. Does the camera scanner have a warranty?

Warranties are meant to protect consumers from incurring extra charges on any malfunction that might happen within a certain period. Therefore, before making any purchase, it is essential to inquire about the terms or existence of a warranty.

Conclusion

Getting the best of services from a purchased camera scanner is essential. The best services will ensure that you enjoy your equipment as it gives you high-quality services. Therefore, before you make any purchase asking the above questions will assist you in obtaining the best camera scanner.

The 3D printing manufacturing process has been around for a long time, but it has only recently gained popularity in the manufacturing industry. Also knows as additive manufacturing, 3D printing offers a lot of advantages to manufacturers. But, just as every other manufacturing process, 3D printing also has its drawbacks.

3D printing has been a revolutionary invention where a computer file turns into a tangible prototype and then a useable product. More and more industries are moving towards 3D printing as their primary manufacturing process, and for good reasons. However, they still need to deal with the disadvantages of 3D printing too.

This article enlists the advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing in a precise and comprehensive manner. The purpose of this article is to help readers with the selection process so they can decide which manufacturing process they should employ. One thing is quite clear, 3d printing is one of the better options if you want to help the environment.

Advantages Of 3D Printing:

The additive manufacturing process offers multiple advantages over the traditional subtractive or injective manufacturing process. The most notable advantages are in terms of design, speed, and waste management. Let’s take a closer look at more benefits of 3D printing.

1. Reduced Waste

When you compare 3D printing to other manufacturing processes like CNC, you can see how much raw material is saved by manufacturing with 3D printers. While using a subtractive process, raw material is further cut, carved, and shredded to make smaller pieces. On the other hand, while 3D printing, raw material is morphed into the exact shape with very low wastage. This helps the environment as well as reduces the cost of raw materials.

2. Speed

3D printing is much faster than any other manufacturing process because making prototypes with 3D printers takes very little time. Once the design is final, you can have a prototype in your hands within a few minutes. The faster the prototype is given the green light, the quicker the whole process starts and finishes. 

3. Overall Cost

3D printing has a much lower overall cost because the whole manufacturing happens inside a single automatic machine. It saves a lot of time and labor costs, and of course, we mentioned the reduction in cost due to limited raw material usage. So, if you are looking to save time and money, 3D printing is your best bet.

Disadvantages Of 3D Printing:

3D printing is the next big thing in the manufacturing industry, but it has its cons too. To make a better and well-informed decision, you have to know about the pros and cons of 3D printing. We already saw the pros, now let’s take a look at the cons.

1. Material Compatibility

The biggest disadvantage of 3D printing is that it only works with plastic and a few metals. Because 3D printing involves the use of high temperatures and not all metals respond well to high temperatures, it limits the options of the manufacturer.

2. Size Restriction

Another significant limitation of 3D printing is that 3D printers have small printing chambers, which limits the size of the part that you can make. If you need bigger parts, you will have to use multiple printers to make the various components of the part and then join them together, which increases the cost, reduces the speed, and defeats the whole purpose of using 3D printing.

3. Copy Cats

3D printers are getting cheaper every day, so there is a chance that someone will steal your design, manufacture the same product, and sell it under their own banner. Because material options are so limited, there won’t be a big difference between the quality too.

There are various advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing, but if done right, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of 3D printing. So, if you can find the right manufacturer, 3D printing is a great manufacturing process.

In the world of electronics, where all theory is based on ideal situations, constructing devices demands sample testing before putting them into the main business. RF couplers are thus designed as an important element for correct analysis. These are passive devices that process signals to produce measurements. One of the best on the market is made by Osprey. Click here to take a look.

Construction

Usually, an RF coupler consists of 4-ports through which it samples an input signal at a fixed degree and produces two outputs, a normal output, and a coupled output. The power of the coupled output can be varied based on the required output. To meet the needs of the designers, the Osprey RC-3018 RF coupler is constructed to give bandwidth, maximum directivity, and great power.

Types of Directional Couplers

There are various kinds of RF couplers, described by their direction. A unidirectional RF coupler consists of an input and an output line, a coupled output, and an isolated port. Bidirectional RF couplers are identical to the former but do not include the fourth port. A dual directional RF coupler can be constructed by joining two unidirectional RF couplers back-to-back in series. The Osprey RC-3018 is a unidirectional coupler, proven to be the primary factor in assessing the antennas in numerous devices.

Specifications

Without using any physical RF connector, this special invention links the DUT’s Electromagnetic Field and forms a strong radiated connection. With a range of 800-6000 MHz, the signal produced at the coupled output is quite stable.

These antenna couplers can be useful in various applications that require frequencies of up to 6000 MHz. As no circuit is ideal, the insertion loss of this device is estimated to be 8-20 dB approx. Therefore, it can be used where high frequencies are required.

To obtain maximum signals, it is important to work according to the RF couplers’ direction of the antenna. The RC-3018 RF coupler has vertical polarization. This direction has a low radiation angle, which allows for long-distance transmission and reception of signals without much hindrance.

The standing wave ratio is another feature to consider before purchasing an RC coupler. It is a measurement of how accurately a radio-frequency signal is transferred from a source of power to a load through a transmission line. In the case of the Osprey, it delivers less than 1:1.5, which is ideal for a VSWR ratio.

The Osprey RC-3018 RF Coupler is perfect for all kinds of situations as it is extremely compact. Due to this feature, this incredible coupler can be installed in various kinds of circuits and setups without any inconvenience. It is a 3dB coupler which means that the power transferred will be equally split between the normal output and the coupled output.

Summary

Apart from all the great specifications and features of this incredible device, one additional characteristic of this Osprey product is that it is authorized for RoHS and REACH compliance. REACH is a horizontal agency that governs the hazards associated with chemical compounds during their entire lifespan. Whereas RoHS is a product-specific vertical body that prohibits toxic substances in the manufacturing of electrical and electronic appliances. This is very essential as both authorities work together to ensure the safety of users.

In this era, you have to think of all ways you can save money. Maybe you are thinking about cut down on your launch, electricity bill, and how you shop. You should also consider how you can save money when buying electronic gadgets and devices. Although you need these gadgets daily, it does not mean you go for the most expensive. Most of the devices available on the market are based on designs and extra features that you do not need. It does not make sense to get a new version of a smartphone when it is just the same as the previous one.

The truth is that modern electronic gadgets are fantastic for entertainment and social life but are extremely expensive. According to khayie.com, new upgrades are released nearly every year. Fortunately, there are simple tricks and tips you should keep in mind when purchasing the latest electronic gadgets.

Find the Better Deals

It does not matter what you want to buy; you should consider doing a lot of research. You can do your research both in online and physical retailers. Remember that the cost of electronics online is lower than what you get in offline stores. Make sure you browse online catalogs and pages to find better deals. Also, you need to search different websites and compare prices. Look at the desired product’s accessories and features to keep the product in perfect condition. There are different smartphone apps and online tools that can compare prices for you. In this way, you can know where to purchase your devices at the lowest possible price.

Consider Refurbished Gadgets

If you want to save money when buying a gadget, consider getting a refurbished one from a reputable provider. You should note that there are stores that specialize in selling refurbished gadgets. The common refurbished gadgets are mobile phones, laptops, computers, and tablets. Most of the refurbished gadgets come with a warranty. Remember that a refurbished gadget is nearly the same as a new one.

Other than online, you can get refurbished electronics in regular stores. Although you might feel unease getting a refurbished product, you should note that the issues it had have been resolved. Therefore, the product is good as new, but available at a lower price. Purchasing a refurbished electronic gadget can help you save money.

Timing is Necessary

It is advisable to purchase electronic gadgets at given times of the year. Think of buying your gadget in November and December. That is because of Black Friday deals and Christmas. Different retailers provide special sales that boost summer sales. Therefore, this is a perfect time to buy your desired gadgets.

The above tips can help you save money when shopping for electronic gadgets. The tips and tricks have been shared by experts with many years of experience. These tips have been tested, tried, and found to be useful and beneficial. Make sure you follow the above tips as you keep looking for better deals both in physical and online stores. With these tips, you are guaranteed to save money and make your shopping a smooth experience.

The many advancements in technology allow for a lot of growth, especially in computer systems. Therefore, there is a great need for quality storage devices. A network cabinet is a valuable item to own. Its primary use includes; storing switches, patch panes, hubs, routers, networking accessories, and networking equipment. When purchasing, always look for the best Network Cabinet Manufacturer to ensure quality. This article aims at educating you on the benefits of purchasing a network cabinet.

What are the benefits of purchasing a Network cabinet?

1. Effective cooling

High-quality performance is usually a key priority in data centers. Therefore, a network cabinet is generally designed in a way that helps cool the networking devices, thus ensuring maximum optimization of their performance. The network cabinet is created in such a way that air can freely flow in and out. The network cabinet is also designed in a way that it can sustain a cooling fan. The type of cooling device used depends on your requirements.

2. Ensures optimal service system structure

The network cabinet is designed as a spacious, breathable, and tall structure. The spaciousness of the network cabinet ensures that it can contain different devices. The design ensures that the networking hardware devices are organized very well, therefore utilizing the floor space exceptionally well.

3. Ensures good cabling administration

A network cabinet made of high-quality material is designed to make the cabling management system simple and effective. The benefit of a network cabinet is that it ensures you can set up several networks, power cables, and many more and ensure that it is organized, neat, and secure.

4. Provides security

Usually, the network cabinet comes with a lock. The lock protects the contents of the network cabinet from theft. Only authorized persons can get access. Also, the network material is usually designed with hard materials; therefore helps increase the protection level. An added benefit that comes with network cabinets is that they have a door. The door acts as an additional layer of protection from accidental contacting of the power cables or buttons, which can cause avoidable accidents.

5. Easy maintenance

The cabling system ensures that the shelves are easily accessible. Therefore, making it easy to do maintenance procedures. Also, many network cabinets usually contain wheels and easily removable shelves, increasing access to your shelves.

6. Storage device

An essential benefit of a network cabinet is the storage function. The network cabinet helps store all your networking devices very neatly.

7. Allows room for growth

A good network cabinet is spacious enough that a growing company can still use it in the growth process.

Network cabinets to consider buying

• One with locks on all doors.
• One that is easy to monitor. Especially the environment inside the cabinet, such as humidity.
• One that is made of high-quality material.
• Lastly, one that allows room for growth and customization.

Conclusion

Network cabinets come in different sizes, shapes, and qualities. When considering buying, make sure that all the specifications available meet all your needs. Also, it would be best to go for quality, as quality will give you service for a long time.

A tv antenna called antenne tv in French acts as a medium for receiving a broadcast signal from stations to televisions. For this to happen, it has to be connected to the tv using a 75Ohm cable. A variety of types are available such as an indoor and outdoor antenna. In this write-up, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a tv antenna.

Advantages of a TV Antenna

1. Access to Free Local Channels

Local channels are available via the TV antenna for free. This is a good and efficient way to enjoy your television and watch quality programs without paying for the cable. The local channel’s signal relayed to the TV is pure hence the good quality.

2. Affordability

TV antennas are less expensive compared to satellite dishes and cables. With the high taxes and rising economic rate, It’s a good deal for customers wanting to cut down costs. You can buy an indoor or outdoor antenna, depending on your preference. Outdoor antennas tend to pick more channels; however, the indoor antenna is gaining popularity due to its efficiency. Also, you don’t have to tire trying to find a suitable spot outside to place it.

3. Technological Advancement

New technologies are coming up while existing ones are being improved to grant more benefits. In recent years, antenna companies have beefed up their supplies and products, improving indoor antenna functions. In the past, many clients had stopped using it due to poor signal and lack of channels. They can now receive signals from as far as 75 miles away, which is a great improvement.

Disadvantages of a TV Antenna

There are always two sides to the coin that has to be looked at. We have discussed the positives, but there are negative factors too that we cannot overlook. They include;

1. Location Challenges

Some locations are far from the broadcasting center, making it difficult for them to receive all local channels’ signals. This limits the number of channels you can access and enjoy. Also, the signal path may be blocked by high-rise buildings or a mountain. Before you decide to dodge your cable service, make sure your house’s location is ideal to receive signal information.

2. Limited Access to Cable or Premium Channels

The TV antenna only picks local signals that enable you to get local channels. You must pay for the satellite service to access premium channels like CNN, Fox News, and ESPN. Some people may find it expensive hence they don’t enjoy as many programs as their counterparts.

3. Bonus Channels

Other than the major network broadcasting companies, several independent ones broadcast locally. Most are known for their unending movies, and others focus in religion. Your antenna may pick some of these signals and filling your TV with channels you didn’t expect.

Conclusion

 As a medium between the broadcasting station and the TV, antennas play a huge role in ensuring we enjoy local channels. They have great benefits as well as cons. How you look at it depends on your liking and how you choose to solve your needs.